Isingeniso I-PCIe 6.0

Inhlangano ye-PCI-SIG imemezele ukukhishwa okusemthethweni kwe-PCIe 6.0 specification standard v1.0, imemezela ukuqedwa.

Njengoba kuqhubeka nomkhuba, isivinini se-bandwidth siyaqhubeka siphindwe kabili, sifinyelela ku-128GB/s (esiqondisweni esisodwa) ku-x16, futhi njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-PCIe buvumela ukugeleza kwedatha okuphindwe kabili okuphindwe kabili, inani eliphelele lezindlela ezimbili lingu-256GB/s. Ngokusho kohlelo, kuzoba nezibonelo zezentengiselwano ezinyangeni eziyi-12 kuya kweziyi-18 ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwendinganiso, cishe ngo-2023, okufanele ibe sepulatifomu yeseva kuqala. I-PCIe 6.0 izofika ekupheleni konyaka ngokushesha, nge-bandwidth engu-256GB/s.

Uma sibuyela kubuchwepheshe uqobo, i-PCIe 6.0 ibhekwa njengoshintsho olukhulu emlandweni we-PCIe cishe weminyaka engama-20. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, i-PCIe 4.0/5.0 ingukuguqulwa okuncane kwe-3.0, njengokufaka ikhodi kwe-128b/130b okusekelwe ku-NRZ (Non-Return-to-Zero).

I-PCIe 6.0 ishintshele ku-PAM4 pulse AM signaling, i-1B-1B coding, isignali eyodwa ingaba nezimo ezine zokufaka ikhodi (00/01/10/11), iphindwe kabili kuneyangaphambili, okuvumela imvamisa efika ku-30GHz. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi isignali ye-PAM4 ibuthakathaka kakhulu kune-NRZ, ifakwe indlela yokulungisa amaphutha e-FEC forward ukuze ilungise amaphutha esignali kusixhumanisi futhi iqinisekise ubuqotho bedatha.

Ngaphezu kwe-PAM4 kanye ne-FEC, ubuchwepheshe bokugcina obukhulu ku-PCIe 6.0 ukusetshenziswa kwe-FLIT (Flow Control Unit) ekhodini ezingeni elinengqondo. Eqinisweni, i-PAM4, i-FLIT akuyona ubuchwepheshe obusha, ku-200G+ i-Ethernet yesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu isisetshenziswe isikhathi eside, okuyinto i-PAM4 ehlulekile ukuyikhuthaza kakhulu ngoba izindleko zesendlalelo somzimba ziphezulu kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PCIe 6.0 isasebenza emuva.

I-PCIe 6.0 iyaqhubeka nokuphinda kabili i-bandwidth ye-I/O ibe yi-64GT/s ngokwesiko, elisetshenziswa ku-bandwidth yangempela ye-PCIe 6.0X1 eqondiswe ngakunye engu-8GB/s, i-bandwidth ye-PCIe 6.0×16 eqondiswe ngakunye engu-128GB/s, kanye ne-bandwidth ye-pcie 6.0×16 eqondiswe ngakunye engu-256GB/s. I-PCIe 4.0 x4 SSDS, esetshenziswa kabanzi namuhla, izodinga i-PCIe 6.0 x1 kuphela ukuze ikwenze lokho.

I-PCIe 6.0 izoqhubeka nokufaka ikhodi kwe-128b/130b okwethulwe enkathini ye-PCIe 3.0. Ngaphezu kwe-CRC yokuqala, kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi iphrothokholi yesiteshi esisha isekela nokufaka ikhodi kwe-PAM-4 okusetshenziswa ku-Ethernet kanye ne-GDDR6x, okuthatha indawo ye-PCIe 5.0 NRZ. Idatha eningi ingapakishwa esiteshini esisodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kanye nendlela yokulungisa amaphutha edatha ebambezelekile ephansi eyaziwa ngokuthi ukulungiswa kwamaphutha okuqhubekela phambili (FEC) ukwenza ukwanda kwe-bandwidth kube nokwenzeka futhi kuthembeke.

Abantu abaningi bangase babuze, i-bandwidth ye-PCIe 3.0 ivame ukungasasebenzi, i-PCIe 6.0 iyini inzuzo? Ngenxa yokwanda kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifuna idatha, okuhlanganisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, iziteshi ze-IO ezinamazinga okudlulisa okusheshayo ziya ngokuya ziba yisidingo samakhasimende emakethe yobungcweti, futhi i-bandwidth ephezulu yobuchwepheshe be-PCIe 6.0 ingavula ngokugcwele ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo edinga i-bandwidth ephezulu ye-IO okuhlanganisa ama-accelerator, ukufunda komshini kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-HPC. I-PCI-SIG inethemba lokuzuza embonini yezimoto ekhulayo, okuyindawo eshisayo yama-semiconductor, futhi i-PCI-Special Interest Group isungule iqembu elisha lokusebenza le-PCIe Technology ukuze ligxile endleleni yokwandisa ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe be-PCIe embonini yezimoto, njengoba isidingo sokwanda kwe-bandwidth se-ecosystem sisobala. Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-microprocessor, i-GPU, idivayisi ye-IO kanye nesitoreji sedatha kungaxhunywa esiteshini sedatha, i-PC ukuze bathole ukwesekwa kwe-interface ye-PCIe 6.0, abakhiqizi be-motherboard kudingeka baqaphele kakhulu ukuhlela ikhebula elingaphatha amasignali esivinini esikhulu, futhi abakhiqizi be-chipset nabo badinga ukwenza amalungiselelo afanele. Okhulumela i-Intel wenqabile ukusho ukuthi ukwesekwa kwe-PCIe 6.0 kuzongezwa nini kumadivayisi, kodwa waqinisekisa ukuthi i-Alder Lake yabathengi kanye nohlangothi lweseva i-Sapphire Rapids kanye ne-Ponte Vecchio bazosekela i-PCIe 5.0. I-NVIDIA nayo yenqabile ukusho ukuthi i-PCIe 6.0 izokwethulwa nini. Kodwa-ke, i-BlueField-3 Dpus yezikhungo zedatha isivele isekela i-PCIe 5.0; I-PCIe Spec icacisa kuphela imisebenzi, ukusebenza, kanye namapharamitha okudingeka asetshenziswe kungqimba olungokoqobo, kodwa ayichazi ukuthi ingasetshenziswa kanjani. Ngamanye amazwi, abakhiqizi bangaklama isakhiwo sengqimba olungokoqobo lwe-PCIe ngokwezidingo zabo kanye nezimo zangempela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza! Abakhiqizi bekhebula bangadlala isikhala esiningi!