Isingeniso Sezinguquko Ezicacisiwe Kusukela ku-HDMI 1.0 Kuya ku-HDMI 2.1 (Ingxenye 2)
I-HDMI 1.2a
Iyahambisana nokulawulwa kwamadivayisi amaningi e-CEC
I-HDMI 1.2a yakhishwa ngoDisemba 14, 2005, futhi yachaza ngokugcwele izici ze-Consumer Electronic Control (CEC), isethi yomyalo, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuhambisana ne-CEC.
Ukubuyekezwa okuncane kwe-HDMI 1.2 kwethulwe ngenyanga efanayo, kusekela yonke imisebenzi ye-CEC (Consumer Electronic Control), okuvumela amadivayisi ahambisanayo ukuthi alawulwe ngokuphelele ngesilawuli kude esisodwa uma sixhunywe nge-HDMI.
Isizukulwane sakamuva samathelevishini, izidlali ze-Blu-ray kanye neminye imishini konke kusekela ubuchwepheshe be-Deep Color, okuvumela ukuboniswa kwemibala ecacile kakhulu.
Uhlobo lwe-HDMI Type-A, okuwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesixhumi se-HDMI, lusetshenziswe kusukela kunguqulo 1.0 futhi lusasetshenziswa nanamuhla. Uhlobo C (mini HDMI) lwethulwa kunguqulo 1.3, kanti Uhlobo D (micro HDMI) lwethulwa kunguqulo 1.4.
I-HDMI 1.3
I-bandwidth inyuswe yaba yi-10.2 Gbps, isekela i-Deep Color kanye nokusakaza umsindo okunencazelo ephezulu
Ukubuyekezwa okukhulu okwaqalwa ngoJuni 2006 kwandise i-bandwidth yaba yi-10.2 Gbps, okuvumela ukusekelwa kobuchwepheshe be-30bit, 36bit kanye ne-48bit xvYCC, sRGB noma i-YCbCr Deep Color. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isekele ukusakaza komsindo we-Dolby TrueHD kanye ne-DTS-HD MA, okungadluliselwa kusuka kusidlali se-Blu-ray nge-HDMI kuya ku-amplifier ehambisanayo yokukhipha ikhodi. I-HDMI elandelayo 1.3a, 1.3b, 1.3b1 kanye ne-1.3c kwakuyizinguquko ezincane.
I-HDMI 1.4
Isekelwa yi-4K/30p, i-3D kanye ne-ARC,
I-HDMI 1.4 ingabhekwa njengenye yezinguqulo ezidumile kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Yasungulwa ngoMeyi 2009 futhi isivele isekela isinqumo se-4K, kodwa kuphela ku-4,096 × 2,160/24p noma ku-3,840 × 2,160/24p/25p/30p. Lowo nyaka wawuyisiqalo sothando lwe-3D, kanti i-HDMI 1.4 isekele izithombe ze-3D ze-1080/24p, 720/50p/60p. Ngokuphathelene nomsindo, yengeze umsebenzi we-ARC (Audio Return Channel) owusizo kakhulu, ovumela umsindo we-TV ukuthi ubuyiselwe nge-HDMI ku-amplifier ukuze kuphume umphumela. Yengeze nomsebenzi wokudlulisa inethiwekhi we-100Mbps, ovumela ukwabelana ngokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi nge-HDMI.
I-HDMI 1.4a, 1.4b
Ukubuyekezwa okuncane okwethula ukusebenza kwe-3D
Ukuthanda i-3D okubangelwe yi-“Avatar” kuqhubekile ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Ngakho-ke, ngoMashi 2010 nango-Okthoba 2011, kwakhishwa izinguquko ezincane ze-HDMI 1.4a kanye ne-1.4b ngokulandelana. Lezi zibuyekezo zazihloselwe kakhulu i-3D, njengokwengeza ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili ze-3D zokusakaza kanye nokusekela izithombe ze-3D kusisombululo se-1080/120p.
Kusukela ku-HDMI 2.0, ukulungiswa kwevidiyo kusekela kufika ku-4K/60p, okuyinguqulo ye-HDMI esetshenziswa kakhulu kumathelevishini amaningi amanje, ama-amplifier, kanye neminye imishini.
I-HDMI 2.0
Inguqulo ye-4K yangempela, i-bandwidth inyukile yaya ku-18 Gbps
I-HDMI 2.0, eyasungulwa ngoSepthemba 2013, yaziwa nangokuthi “i-HDMI UHD”. Nakuba i-HDMI 1.4 isivele isekela ividiyo ye-4K, isekela kuphela ukucaciswa okuphansi kwe-30p. I-HDMI 2.0 ikhulisa i-bandwidth kusuka ku-10.2 Gbps kuya ku-18 Gbps, ekwazi ukusekela ividiyo ye-4K/60p futhi iyahambisana nokujula kombala we-Rec.2020. Njengamanje, iningi lemishini, okuhlanganisa amathelevishini, ama-amplifier, abadlali be-Blu-ray, njll., basebenzisa le nguqulo ye-HDMI.
I-HDMI 2.0a
Isekela i-HDR
Ukubuyekezwa okuncane kwe-HDMI 2.0, okwaqalwa ngo-Ephreli 2015, kwengeze ukwesekwa kwe-HDR. Njengamanje, iningi lama-TV esizukulwane esisha asekela i-HDR asebenzisa le nguqulo. Ama-amplifier amasha, abadlali be-UHD Blu-ray, njll. nawo azoba nezixhumi ze-HDMI 2.0a. I-HDMI 2.0b elandelayo inguqulo ebuyekeziwe yencazelo yokuqala ye-HDR10, enezela i-Hybrid Log-Gamma, ifomethi ye-HDR esakazwayo.
I-HDMI 2.1 ejwayelekile isekela ividiyo enesinqumo esingu-8K.
I-HDMI 2.1 inyuse kakhulu i-bandwidth yaba yi-48Gbps.
I-HDMI 2.1
Isekela ividiyo engu-8K/60Hz, 4K/120Hz, kanye ne-Dynamic HDR (Dynamic HDR).
Inguqulo yakamuva ye-HDMI eyasungulwa ngoJanuwari 2017, ene-bandwidth eyandiswe kakhulu yaya ku-48Gbps, ingasekela izithombe ezifika ku-7,680 × 4,320/60Hz (8K/60p), noma izithombe zesilinganiso sohlaka esiphezulu se-4K/120Hz. I-HDMI 2.1 izoqhubeka nokuhambisana ne-HDMI A, C, kanye ne-D yokuqala kanye neminye imiklamo ye-plug. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isekela ubuchwepheshe obusha be-Dynamic HDR, obungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokungafani kanye nokwehlukaniswa kombala ngokusekelwe ekusabalaleni kokukhanya nobumnyama kohlaka ngalunye uma kuqhathaniswa ne-HDR "engaguquki" yamanje. Ngokuphathelene nomsindo, i-HDMI 2.1 isekela ubuchwepheshe obusha be-eARC, obungadlulisela i-Dolby Atmos kanye neminye imisindo esekelwe ku-Object kudivayisi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwahlukana kwamafomu edivayisi, kuye kwavela izinhlobo ezahlukene zezintambo ze-HDMI ezinezixhumi, njenge-Slim HDMI, i-OD 3.0mm HDMI, i-Mini HDMI (uhlobo lwe-C), i-Micro HDMI (uhlobo lwe-D), kanye ne-Right Angle HDMI, izintambo ze-elbow ezingama-90-degree, i-Flexible HDMI, njll., ezifanele izimo ezahlukene. Kukhona futhi i-144Hz HDMI yesilinganiso sokuvuselela esiphezulu, i-48Gbps HDMI ye-bandwidth ephezulu, kanye ne-HDMI Alternate Mode ye-USB Type-C yamadivayisi eselula, okuvumela izixhumi ze-USB-C ukuthi zikhiphe ngqo amasignali e-HDMI ngaphandle kwesidingo sabaguquli.
Ngokuphathelene nezinto zokwakha kanye nesakhiwo, kukhona nezintambo ze-HDMI ezinemiklamo yekesi lensimbi, njengekesi lensimbi le-Slim HDMI 8K HDMI, ikesi lensimbi le-8K HDMI, njll., ezithuthukisa ukuqina kanye nekhono lokulwa nokuphazamiseka kwezintambo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Spring HDMI kanye ne-Flexible HDMI Cable nazo zinikeza izinketho eziningi zezimo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa.
Ekuphetheni, indinganiso ye-HDMI ishintsha njalo, ithuthukisa njalo i-bandwidth, isixazululo, umbala, kanye nokusebenza komsindo, kuyilapho izinhlobo nezinto zokwakha izintambo ziya ngokuya zihlukahluka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zabathengi zezithombe ezisezingeni eliphezulu, umsindo osezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nokuxhumana okulula.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-01-2025
