Umhlahlandlela Ophelele we-USB4 Kusukela ku-40Gbps Speed, Dynamic Bandwidth kuya ku-Full-Function One-Cable Connection
Kusukela kwavela i-USB4, besilokhu sishicilela izihloko eziningi nezixhumanisi zokwabelana ngolwazi olufanele. Kodwa-ke, ukuthandwa bekuphakeme kakhulu kangangokuthi abantu yonke indawo babuza ngemakethe ye-USB4. Kusukela enkathini yokuqala ye-USB 1.0 kanye nesixhumi sokudlulisa idatha se-1.5Mbps, i-USB idlule ezizukulwaneni eziningi. Kube khona imininingwane eminingi njenge-USB 1.0, i-USB 2.0, kanye ne-USB 3.0, kanti ukuma kwesixhumi kanye nezinhlelo zokuklama zifaka i-USB Type-A, i-USB Type-B, kanye ne-USB Type-C evame kakhulu njengamanje, njll. I-USB4 ayinayo nje kuphela isivinini sokudlulisa esisheshayo kodwa futhi inokuhambisana okungcono (ukusekela ukuhambisana kwangemuva, okungukuthi, ukuhambisana nezinguqulo eziphansi). Ingaxhuma cishe wonke amadivayisi kahle kakhulu futhi iwashaje. Uma ifoni yakho, ikhompyutha, i-monitor, iphrinta, njll. konke kusekela i-USB4, khona-ke ngokwethiyori, udinga kuphela ikhebula ledatha elisekela i-USB4 ukuxhuma amadivayisi, okwenza ihhovisi lasekhaya libe lula kakhulu. Awusadingi ukuthenga izintambo zokuguqula isixhumi ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, i-USB4 ingenza imodi yethu yokusebenza ibe ehlukahlukene futhi ibe lula kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esinye isici esiphawulekayo se-USB4 ukuthi kulindeleke ukuthi isetshenziswe kumadivayisi asemaphethelweni asekela ukubalwa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa.
01 I-USB4 vs. I-USB3.2
I-USB 3.2 iyindinganiso entsha ekhishwe yinhlangano ye-USB-IF. Empeleni yethulwa kusukela ngoSepthemba 2017. Ngokombono wobuchwepheshe, i-USB 3.2 iyintuthuko kanye nesengezo se-USB 3.1. Ushintsho oluyinhloko ukuthi isivinini sokudlulisa idatha sinyuswe saya ku-20 Gbps, futhi isikhombimsebenzisi sisalandelaUhlobo-Cuhlelo olusungulwe enkathini ye-USB 3.1, alusesekeli izixhumi zohlobo-A kanye nohlobo-B. Zombili i-USB4 kanye ne-USB3.2 zisebenzisa izixhumi zohlobo-C, kodwa i-USB4 iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. I-USB4 isekela ukudluliswa kanye nokwamukelwa kwe-host-to-host, i-PCI Express® (PCIe®), umsindo/ividiyo ye-DisplayPort, kanye nedatha ye-USB ngesikhathi esisodwa ngesixhumi sohlobo-C esifanayo kusixhumanisi esifanayo. Ama-host amabili e-USB4 angashintshanisa amaphakethe edatha ye-IP ngomhubhe we-host-to-host; ukudluliswa kwe-DisplayPort kanye nomhubhe we-USB kusho ukuthi umsindo, ividiyo, idatha, kanye namandla kungadluliselwa ngesixhumi soxhumano esifanayo, okushesha kakhulu kunokusebenzisa i-USB3.2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudluliswa kwe-PCIe tunnel kunganikeza i-bandwidth ephezulu, ukubambezeleka okuphansi, futhi kufinyelele ekuphumeni okuphezulu kokugcina amandla amakhulu, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa obuseceleni, kanye nezinye izimo zokusetshenziswa.
I-USB4 ihlanganisa iziteshi ezimbili zokudlulisa kanye nokwamukela ku-interface eyodwa ye-USB-C, ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-20 Gbps kanye40 Gbps, futhi isiteshi ngasinye singaba nesilinganiso sedatha esingaba ngu-10 Gbps noma u-20 Gbps. Kubathuthukisi be-chip, le datha ibaluleke kakhulu. Kudingeka bazi ukuthi kwimodi ye-Thunderbolt3, isilinganiso sedatha esiteshini ngasinye sokudlulisa nokwamukela siyi-10.3125 Gbps noma u-20.625 Gbps. Kwimodi ye-USB yendabuko, isiteshi esisodwa sokudlulisa/sokwamukela kuphela esisebenza ngesilinganiso se-5 Gbps (USB3.0) or 10 Gbps (USB3.1), kuyilapho iziteshi ezimbili ze-USB3.2 zisebenza ngesivinini se-10 Gbps.
Ngokuphathelene nokuqina, izingxenye eziphethe amandla ze-interface yohlobo lwe-C ikakhulukazi ziyi-casing yangaphandle yensimbi, eqinile futhi engalimazi kakhulu. Isiteshi sedatha esiphakathi sivikelwe yisembozo esimise okwe-arc, okwenza kube nzima ukonakala. Izidingo zomklamo zibonisa ukuthiUhlobo C lwe-USBingamelana nama-plug-in angaphezu kuka-10,000 kanye nokungaxhunywa ngaphandle kokulimala. Uma kubalwa ngokusekelwe kuma-plug-in amathathu kanye nokungaxhunywa ngosuku, isixhumi esibonakalayo se-USB Type-C singasetshenziswa okungenani iminyaka eyi-10.
02 Ukufakwa Okusheshayo kwe-USB4
Ngemva kokukhishwa ngokusemthethweni kwephrothokholi ye-USB 3.2, inhlangano ye-USB yamemezela ngokushesha imininingwane ye-USB 4 esikhathini esifushane. Ngokungafani nezindinganiso zangaphambilini ezifana ne-I-USB 3.2, ezazisekelwe kuphrothokholi ye-USB, i-USB 4 ayisasebenzisi imininingwane ye-USB ezingeni layo eliyisisekelo kodwa kunalokho isebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-Thunderbolt 3 eyembulwe ngokuphelele yi-Intel. Lolu ushintsho olukhulu kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwe-USB eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Uma usebenzisa isixhumi se-Type-C sokuxhuma, imisebenzi ye-USB4 ithatha indawo ye-USB 3.2, kanti i-USB 2.0 ingasebenza ngasikhathi sinye. I-USB 3.2 Enhanced SuperSpeed isalokhu iyingqalasizinda eyisisekelo yokudluliselwa "kwedatha ye-USB" kumugqa we-USB 4 ongokoqobo. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-USB4 ne-USB 3.2 ulele ekutheni i-USB4 igxile ekuxhumekeni. I-USB4 yakhelwe ngamapayipi okudlulisa idatha ndawonye kusuka kumaphrothokholi amaningi ku-interface eyodwa ebonakalayo. Ngakho-ke, isivinini kanye nomthamo we-USB4 kungabiwa ngokuguquguqukayo. I-USB4 ingasekela amanye amaphrothokholi okubonisa noma ukuxhumana kwe-host-to-host ngenkathi ukudluliswa kwedatha kuqhubeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-USB4 inyuse isivinini sokuxhumana kusuka ku-20 Gbps (Gen2x2) ye-USB 3.2 kuya ku-40 Gbps (Gen3x2)kusakhiwo esifanayo esinemizila emibili, esinemizila emibili elula.
I-USB4 ayigcini nje ngokufeza i-USB yesivinini esiphezulu (ngokusekelwe ku-USB3), kodwa futhi ichaza imigudu yokubonisa esekelwe ku-DisplayPort kanye nemigudu yokulayisha/yokugcina esekelwe ku-PCIe.
Isici sokubonisa: Iphrothokholi yokubonisa ye-USB4 isekelwe ku-DisplayPort 1.4a. I-DP 1.4a ngokwayo iyayisekela8k ku-60Hz or I-4k ku-120Hz. I-USB4 host idinga ukusekela i-DisplayPort kuzo zonke izimbobo ezingezansi. Uma usebenzisa imbobo ye-USB 4 ukudlulisa ividiyo nedatha ngasikhathi sinye, imbobo izokwabela i-bandwidth ngokufanele. Ngakho-ke, uma ividiyo idinga kuphela u-20% we-bandwidth ukushayela i-monitor yakho ye-1080p (ephinde ibe yi-hub), khona-ke u-80% osele wevidiyo ungasetshenziswa ukudlulisa amafayela kusuka ku-SSD yangaphandle.
Ngokuphathelene nemihubhe ye-PCIe: Ukusekelwa kwe-PCIe yi-USB4 hosts kuyinto ongayikhetha. Ama-hub e-USB4 kufanele asekele imihubhe ye-PCIe futhi kufanele kube khona iswishi yangaphakathi ye-PCIe.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yencazelo ye-USB 4 yikhono lokushintsha ngokuguquguqukayo inani lezinsiza ezitholakalayo lapho uthumela ividiyo nedatha ngokuxhumeka okufanayo. Ngakho-ke, ake sithi unesilinganiso esiphezulu se-I-USB 4 engu-40 Gbpsfuthi bakopisha amafayela amakhulu kusuka ku-SSD yangaphandle bese bekhipha kusibonisi se-4K. Ake sithi umthombo wevidiyo udinga cishe i-12.5 Gbps. Kulesi simo, i-USB 4 izokwabela ama-27.5 Mbps asele kudrayivu yokusekelayo.
I-USB-C yethula "imodi ehlukile", okuyikhono lokudlulisa ividiyo ye-DisplayPort/HDMI kusuka echwebeni le-Type-C. Kodwa-ke, imininingwane yamanje ye-3.x ayinikezi indlela enhle yokuhlukanisa izinsiza. Ngokusho kukaSaunders, imodi ye-DisplayPort alt ingahlukanisa ngokunembile i-bandwidth phakathi kwedatha ye-USB nedatha yevidiyo ibe yi-50/50, kuyilapho imodi ye-HDMI alt ingavumeli ukusetshenziswa kwedatha ye-USB ngasikhathi sinye.
I-USB4 ichaza indinganiso engu-40Gbps, evumela ukwabelana okuguquguqukayo kwe-bandwidth ukuze ikhebula ledatha elilodwa likwazi ukufeza imisebenzi eminingi. Nge-USB4, kungenzeka ukudlulisa i-PCIe kanyekanye futhi kuboniswe idatha emgqeni owodwa, kanye nemisebenzi ye-USB yendabuko, futhi kunikeze namandla (nge-USB PD) ngendlela elula kakhulu. Esikhathini esizayo, amadivayisi amaningi angaphandle, kungaba amanethiwekhi anesivinini esikhulu, amakhadi ehluzo angaphandle, izibonisi ezinencazelo ephezulu, amadivayisi okugcina isivinini esikhulu amakhulu, noma umshini owodwa nomunye umshini, angaxhunywa ngesixhumi esibonakalayo se-Type-C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma la madivayisi esebenzisa i-USB4 Hub, ungaxhuma futhi amadivayisi amaningi ngokulandelana noma amagatsha avela kula madivayisi, okuyinto elula kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-20-2025
