USB 4 Isingeniso
I-USB4 isistimu ye-USB ecaciswe ekucacisweni kwe-USB4. Iforamu Yonjiniyela be-USB ikhiphe inguqulo yayo engu-1.0 ngo-Agasti 29, 2019. Igama eligcwele le-USB4 i-Universal Serial Bus Generation 4. Isekelwe kubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa idatha "i-Thunderbolt 3" ethuthukiswe ngokuhlanganyela yi-Intel ne-Apple. Isivinini sokudluliswa kwedatha se-USB4 singafinyelela ku-40 Gbps, okuyisivinini esiphindwe kabili kune-USB2×2 ekhishwe kamuva.
Ngokungafani nezindinganiso zangaphambilini zephrothokholi ye-USB, i-USB4 idinga isixhumi se-USB-C futhi idinga ukusekelwa kwe-USB PD ukuze inikeze amandla. Uma iqhathaniswa ne-USB 3.2, ivumela ukwakhiwa kwemihubhe ye-DisplayPort ne-PCI Express. Lesi sakhiwo sichaza indlela yokwabelana ngokuguquguqukayo isixhumanisi esisodwa esinesivinini esikhulu esinezinhlobo eziningi zedivayisi yetheminali, engaphatha kangcono ukudluliswa kwedatha ngohlobo nohlelo lokusebenza. Imikhiqizo ye-USB4 kufanele isekele ukuphuma kwe-20 Gbit/s futhi ingasekela ukuphuma kwe-40 Gbit/s. Nokho, ngenxa yokudluliswa komhubhe, lapho uthumela idatha exubile, ngisho noma idatha idluliswa ngenani elingu-20 Gbit/s, izinga langempela lokudluliswa kwedatha lingase libe phezulu kunele-USB 3.2 (USB 3.1 Gen 2).
I-USB4 ihlukaniswe yaba izinguqulo ezimbili: 20Gbps kanye 40Gbps. Amadivayisi ane-interface ye-USB4 etholakala emakethe angase anikeze isivinini esingu-40Gbps se-Thunderbolt 3 noma inguqulo encishisiwe ye-20Gbps. Uma ufuna ukuthenga idivayisi enesivinini esiphezulu sokudlulisa, okungukuthi, i-40Gbps, kungcono ukuhlola imininingwane ngaphambi kokuthenga. Ezimweni ezidinga ukudluliswa kwesivinini esikhulu, ukukhetha i-USB 3.1 C TO C efanele kubalulekile njengoba kuyisiphathi esibalulekile sokuthola isilinganiso esingu-40Gbps.
Abantu abaningi badidekile mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kwe-USB4 ne-Thunderbolt 4. Eqinisweni, kokubili i-Thunderbolt 4 ne-USB4 zakhiwe ngokusekelwe kuphrothokholi eyisisekelo ye-Thunderbolt 3. Ayaphelelisana futhi ayahambisana. I-interfaces yonke i-Type-C, futhi isivinini esiphezulu singu-40 Gbps kokubili.
Okokuqala nje, Ikhebula le-USB4 esibhekisela kulo izinga lokudlulisela le-USB, okuwumgomo wephrothokholi ohlobene nokusebenza nokusebenza kahle kokudluliswa kwe-USB. I-USB4 ingaqondwa “njengesizukulwane sesine” salokhu kucaciswa.
I-USB transmission protocol yahlongozwa ngokuhlanganyela futhi yathuthukiswa izinkampani eziningi ezihlanganisa i-Compaq, i-DEC, i-IBM, i-Intel, i-Microsoft, i-NEC, ne-Nortel ngo-1994. Yakhululwa njengenguqulo ye-USB V0.7 ngoNovemba 11, 1994. Kamuva, lezi zinkampani zasungula inhlangano engenzi nzuzo ukuze ikhuthaze futhi isekele i-USB ngo-1995, ebizwa ngokuthi i-USB Implementers, inhlangano ye-USB-IF manje ebizwa ngokuthi i-USB Implementers-IF, inhlangano ye-USB-IF eyaziwa ngokuthi i-USB-IF.
Ngo-1996, i-USB-IF yahlongoza ngokusemthethweni ukucaciswa kwe-USB1.0. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokudlulisela le-USB1.0 lalingu-1.5 Mbps kuphela, inani eliphezulu eliphumayo lamanje lalingu-5V/500mA, futhi ngaleso sikhathi, ayembalwa kakhulu amadivaysi e-peripheral asekela i-USB, ngakho-ke abakhiqizi bebhodi lomama abavamile ukuklama ngokuqondile ukuxhumana kwe-USB ebhodini lomama.
▲USB 1.0
NgoSepthemba 1998, i-USB-IF yakhipha imininingwane ye-USB 1.1. Izinga lokudlulisela linyuswe laya ku-12 Mbps kulokhu, futhi eminye imininingwane yobuchwepheshe ku-USB 1.0 yalungiswa. Umkhawulo wamanje ophumayo usasele ungu-5V/500mA.
Ngo-April 2000, kwaqaliswa izinga le-USB 2.0, elinezinga lokudlulisela elingu-480 Mbps, elingu-60MB/s. Iphinda izikhathi ezingama-40 kune-USB 1.1. Okukhiphayo okuphezulu kwamanje ngu-5V/500mA, futhi yamukela umklamo wamaphini angu-4. I-USB 2.0 isasetshenziswa kuze kube namuhla futhi kungashiwo ukuthi iyindinganiso ye-USB ehlala isikhathi eside.
Kusukela ku-USB 2.0, i-USB-IF ibonise “ithalente labo eliyingqayizivele” ekuqambeni kabusha.
NgoJuni 2003, i-USB-IF yaqamba kabusha ukucaciswa namazinga e-USB, yashintsha i-USB 1.0 yaba inguqulo ye-USB 2.0 yesivinini esiphansi, i-USB 1.1 yaba inguqulo ye-USB 2.0 ye-Full-Speed, ne-USB 2.0 yaba inguqulo ye-USB 2.0 High-Speed.
Kodwa-ke, lolu shintsho lube nomthelela omncane esimweni samanje ngaleso sikhathi, ngoba i-USB 1.0 ne-1.1 ngokuyisisekelo zishiye isigaba somlando.
NgoNovemba 2008, i-USB 3.0 Promoter Group, ehlanganisa izikhondlakhondla zemboni ezifana ne-Intel, Microsoft, HP, Texas Instruments, NEC, kanye ne-ST-NXP, yaqeda izinga le-USB 3.0 futhi yalikhulula esidlangalaleni. Igama elisemthethweni elinikeziwe lalithi “SuperSpeed”. Iqembu Lomgqugquzeli we-USB linomthwalo wemfanelo ngokuyinhloko ekuthuthukisweni nasekusungulweni kwamazinga ochungechunge lwe-USB, futhi amazinga azogcina enikezwe i-USB-IF ukuze iphathwe.
Izinga lokudlulisela eliphezulu le-USB 3.0 lifinyelela ku-5.0 Gbps, elingu-640MB/s. Umkhawulo ophumayo wamanje ngu-5V/900mA. Ihambisana ngokugcwele ne-2.0 futhi isekela ukudluliswa kwedatha ye-duplex ephelele (okungukuthi, ingathola futhi ithumele idatha ngesikhathi esisodwa, kuyilapho i-USB 2.0 iyi-half-duplex), kanye nokuba namandla angcono okuphatha amandla nezinye izici.
I-USB 3.0 isebenzisa umklamo wamaphini angu-9. Izikhonkwane zokuqala ezi-4 ziyafana nalezo ze-USB 2.0, kuyilapho izikhonkwane ezi-5 ezisele zakhelwe ngokukhethekile i-USB 3.0. Ngakho-ke, unganquma ukuthi i-USB 2.0 noma i-USB 3.0 ngamaphini.
NgoJulayi 2013, i-USB 3.1 yakhululwa, enesivinini sokudlulisela esingu-10 Gbps (1280 MB/s), okuthiwa i-SuperSpeed+, kanye nomthamo omkhulu wamandla kagesi ovunyelwe unyuswe waba ngu-20V/5A, ongu-100W.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-USB 3.1 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-USB 3.0 nakho bekusobala kakhulu. Nokho, akuphelanga sikhathi esingakanani, i-USB-IF yaqamba kabusha i-USB 3.0 ngokuthi i-USB 3.1 Gen1, ne-USB 3.1 njenge-USB 3.1 Gen2.
Lokhu kushintsha kwegama kubangele inkinga kubathengi ngoba abathengisi abaningi abangenanembeza bamake kuphela imikhiqizo njengesekela i-USB 3.1 ephaketheni ngaphandle kokukhombisa ukuthi bekuyi-Gen1 noma i-Gen2. Eqinisweni, ukusebenza kokudlulisela kwakho kokubili kuhluke kakhulu, futhi abathengi bangase bawele ogibeni ngephutha. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuguqulwa kwegama kwaba isinyathelo esibi kubasebenzisi abaningi.
NgoSepthemba 2017, i-USB 3.2 yakhululwa. Ngaphansi kwe-USB Type-C, isekela iziteshi ezimbili ezingu-10 Gbps zokudlulisa idatha, ezinesivinini esingafika ku-20 Gb/s (2500 MB/s), futhi okukhiphayo okuphezulu kwamanje kusengu-20V/5A. Ezinye izici zinokuthuthuka okuncane.
▲Inqubo yegama le-USB iyashintsha
Kodwa-ke, ngo-2019, i-USB-IF yeza nolunye ushintsho lwegama. Baqamba kabusha i-USB 3.1 Gen1 (okwakuyi-USB 3.0 yasekuqaleni) ngokuthi i-USB 3.2 Gen1, i-USB 3.1 Gen2 (okwakuyi-USB 3.1 yasekuqaleni) njenge-USB 3.2 Gen2, ne-USB 3.2 njenge-USB 3.2 Gen 2×2.
Manje Nekusasa: I-Leap Forward ye-USB4
Manje njengoba sesifinyelele ku-USB4, ake sibheke ukuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwaleli zinga lephrothokholi entsha. Okokuqala nokubalulekile, njengoba kuwukuthuthukiswa kwesizukulwane kusuka ku-“3″ kuya ku-“4″, ukuthuthukiswa kufanele kube okuphawulekayo.
Ngokusekelwe kulo lonke ulwazi esiluqoqile, izici ezintsha ze-USB4 zifinyezwa kanje:
1. Isivinini esikhulu sokudlulisa esingu-40 Gbps:
Ngokudluliswa kwamashaneli akabili, isivinini esikhulu sethiyori sokudlulisa se-USB4 kufanele sikwazi ukufinyelela ku-40 Gbps, efanayo naleyo ye-Thunderbolt 3 (ebizwa ngokuthi “Thunderbolt 3″ ngezansi).
Eqinisweni, i-USB4 izoba nezivinini ezintathu zokudlulisela: 10 Gbps, 20 Gbps, kanye 40 Gbps. Ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukuthenga idivayisi enejubane eliphezulu lokudlulisa, okungukuthi, 40 Gbps, kungcono uhlole imininingwane ngaphambi kokuthenga.
2. Ihambisana ne-Thunderbolt 3 interface:
Amanye (hhayi wonke) amadivayisi e-USB4 nawo angasebenzisana ne-Thunderbolt 3 interface. Okusho ukuthi, uma idivayisi yakho ine-interface ye-USB4, kungenzeka futhi ukuxhuma idivayisi ye-Thunderbolt 3 ngaphandle. Nokho, lokhu akuphoqelekile. Ukuthi iyahambisana noma cha kuncike esimweni sengqondo somkhiqizi wedivayisi.
3. Amandla wokwabiwa kwensiza yomkhawulokudonsa oguqukayo:
Uma usebenzisa imbobo ye-USB4 ngenkathi uyisebenzisela ukuxhuma isibonisi nokudlulisa idatha, ichweba lizokwaba umkhawulokudonsa ohambisanayo ngokwesimo. Isibonelo, uma ividiyo idinga kuphela u-20% womkhawulokudonsa ukushayela isibonisi esingu-1080p, khona-ke u-80% osele womkhawulokudonsa ungasetshenziselwa eminye imisebenzi. Lokhu bekungenzeki ku-USB 3.2 nasezinkathini ezedlule. Ngaphambi kwalokho, imodi yokusebenza ye-USB bekuwukushintshana.
4. Amadivayisi e-USB4 azosekela i-USB PD
I-USB PD i-USB Power Delivery (i-USB power transmission), okungenye yezimiso ezijwayelekile zokushaja okusheshayo zamanje. Yakhiwe futhi inhlangano ye-USB-IF. Lokhu kucaciswa kungafinyelela ama-voltage aphezulu kanye nama-currents, ngokudluliswa kwamandla amakhulu afinyelela ku-100W, futhi isiqondiso sokudlulisa amandla singashintshwa ngokukhululekile.
Ngokwemithethonqubo ye-USB-IF, uhlobo olujwayelekile lwesixhumi esibonakalayo sokushaja se-USB PD kufanele kube yi-USB Type-C. Kusixhumi esibonakalayo se-USB Type-C, kunamaphini amabili, i-CC1 ne-CC2, asetshenziselwa iziteshi zokumisa ukuxhumana kwe-PD.
5. Kungasetshenziswa kuphela isixhumi esibonakalayo se-USB Type-C
Ngesici esingenhla, kungokwemvelo ukuthi singakwazi futhi ukuthi i-USB4 ingasebenza kuphela ngezixhumi ze-USB Type-C. Eqinisweni, hhayi i-USB PD kuphela, kodwa nakwamanye amazinga akamuva e-USB-IF, isebenza kuphela ku-Type-C.
6. Ingabuyela emuva ihambisane namaphrothokholi adlule
I-USB4 ingasetshenziswa kanye ne-USB 3 kanye namadivayisi e-USB 2 nezimbobo. Okusho ukuthi, ingabuyela emuva ihambisane nezindinganiso zangaphambilini zephrothokholi. Nokho, i-USB 1.0 ne-1.1 azisekelwe. Njengamanje, izixhumanisi ezisebenzisa le nqubo yomthetho zicishe zanyamalala emakethe.
Kunjalo, lapho uxhuma idivayisi ye-USB4 embotsheni ye-USB 3.2, ayikwazi ukudlulisa ngesivinini esingu-40 Gbps. Futhi isixhumi esibonakalayo se-USB 2 yakudala ngeke sisheshe ngoba nje sixhumeke kusixhumi esibonakalayo se-USB4.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-21-2025
