Isingeniso se-USB 4

Isingeniso se-USB 4

I-USB4 uhlelo lwe-USB oluchazwe ku-USB4 specification. I-USB Developers Forum ikhiphe inguqulo yayo engu-1.0 ngomhlaka-29 Agasti 2019. Igama eliphelele le-USB4 yi-Universal Serial Bus Generation 4. Isekelwe kubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa idatha obubizwa ngokuthi “Thunderbolt 3″ obuthuthukiswe ngokubambisana yi-Intel ne-Apple. Ijubane lokudlulisa idatha le-USB4 lingafinyelela ku-40 Gbps, okuyijubane eliphindwe kabili kune-USB 3.2 (Gen2×2) ekhishwe kamuva.

Ngokungafani nezindinganiso zephrothokholi ye-USB zangaphambilini, i-USB4 idinga isixhumi se-USB-C futhi idinga ukwesekwa kwe-USB PD ukuze inikezwe amandla. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-USB 3.2, ivumela ukudalwa kwemigudu ye-DisplayPort ne-PCI Express. Lo mklamo uchaza indlela yokwabelana ngokuguquguqukayo isixhumanisi esisodwa sesivinini esikhulu nezinhlobo eziningi zamadivayisi esiphetho, ezingaphatha kangcono ukudluliswa kwedatha ngohlobo kanye nohlelo lokusebenza. Imikhiqizo ye-USB4 kumele isekele ukudluliswa okungu-20 Gbit/s futhi ingasekela ukudluliswa okungu-40 Gbit/s. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokudluliswa kwemigudu, lapho kuthunyelwa idatha exubile, noma ngabe idatha idluliselwa ngesilinganiso esingu-20 Gbit/s, izinga langempela lokudluliswa kwedatha lingase libe phezulu kunele-USB 3.2 (USB 3.1 Gen 2).

I-USB4 ihlukaniswe ngezinguqulo ezimbili: i-20Gbps kanye ne-40Gbps. Amadivayisi ane-interface ye-USB4 atholakala emakethe anganikeza isivinini se-40Gbps se-Thunderbolt 3 noma inguqulo encishisiwe ye-20Gbps. Uma ufuna ukuthenga idivayisi enesivinini sokudlulisa esiphezulu kakhulu, okungukuthi, i-40Gbps, kungcono ukuhlola imininingwane ngaphambi kokuthenga. Ezimweni ezidinga ukudlulisa ngesivinini esikhulu, ukukhetha i-USB 3.1 C TO C efanele kubalulekile njengoba iyisithwali esiyinhloko sokufinyelela izinga le-40Gbps.

Abantu abaningi badidekile ngobudlelwano phakathi kwe-USB4 ne-Thunderbolt 4. Eqinisweni, zombili i-Thunderbolt 4 ne-USB4 zakhiwe ngokusekelwe kuphrothokholi eyisisekelo ye-Thunderbolt 3. Ziyahambisana futhi ziyahambisana. Zonke izixhumi zokuxhumanisa ziyi-Type-C, futhi isivinini esiphezulu singama-40 Gbps kuzo zombili.

Okokuqala, ikhebula le-USB4 esikhuluma ngalo liyindinganiso yokudlulisa ye-USB, okuyincazelo yephrothokholi ehlobene nokusebenza kahle kokudlulisa kwe-USB. I-USB4 ingaqondwa njenge "isizukulwane sesine" sale ncazelo.

Iphrothokholi yokudlulisa i-USB yaphakanyiswa futhi yathuthukiswa yizinkampani eziningi ezihlanganisa iCompaq, i-DEC, i-IBM, i-Intel, i-Microsoft, i-NEC, ne-Nortel ngo-1994. Yakhishwa njengenguqulo ye-USB V0.7 ngoNovemba 11, 1994. Kamuva, lezi zinkampani zasungula inhlangano engenzi nzuzo ukukhuthaza nokusekela i-USB ngo-1995, ebizwa ngokuthi i-USB Implementers Forum, okuyi-USB-IF ejwayelekile, kanti i-USB-IF manje iyinhlangano yokulinganisa i-USB.

Ngo-1996, i-USB-IF yaphakamisa ngokusemthethweni incazelo ye-USB1.0. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokudlulisa le-USB1.0 lalingu-1.5 Mbps kuphela, amandla okukhipha aphezulu kakhulu ayengu-5V/500mA, futhi ngaleso sikhathi, kwakunamadivayisi ambalwa kakhulu asekela i-USB, ngakho abakhiqizi bebhodi lomama babengavamile ukuklama izixhumi ze-USB ngqo ebhodini lomama.

▲I-USB 1.0

NgoSepthemba 1998, i-USB-IF yakhipha imininingwane ye-USB 1.1. Izinga lokudlulisa lenyuswa laba yi-12 Mbps kulokhu, futhi eminye imininingwane yobuchwepheshe ku-USB 1.0 yalungiswa. Umthamo wokukhipha ophezulu wahlala u-5V/500mA.

Ngo-Ephreli 2000, kwaqalwa indinganiso ye-USB 2.0, enesilinganiso sokudlulisa esingu-480 Mbps, esingu-60MB/s. Iphindwe ka-40 kune-USB 1.1. Umthamo wamanje ophezulu wokukhipha ungu-5V/500mA, futhi isebenzisa umklamo wamaphini angu-4. I-USB 2.0 isasetshenziswa nanamuhla futhi kungathiwa indinganiso ye-USB ehlala isikhathi eside kakhulu.

Kusukela ku-USB 2.0, i-USB-IF ibonise “ithalente layo eliyingqayizivele” ekuqambeni kabusha.

NgoJuni 2003, i-USB-IF yashintsha kabusha imininingwane nezindinganiso ze-USB, yashintsha i-USB 1.0 yaba yinguqulo ye-USB 2.0 Low-Speed, i-USB 1.1 yaba yinguqulo ye-USB 2.0 Full-Speed, kanye ne-USB 2.0 yaba yinguqulo ye-USB 2.0 High-Speed.

Kodwa-ke, lolu shintsho aluzange lube nomthelela omkhulu esimweni samanje ngaleso sikhathi, ngoba i-USB 1.0 ne-1.1 ngokuyisisekelo zishiye isigaba somlando.

NgoNovemba 2008, i-USB 3.0 Promoter Group, eyakhiwa yizinkampani ezinkulu embonini njenge-Intel, i-Microsoft, i-HP, i-Texas Instruments, i-NEC, kanye ne-ST-NXP, yaqeda indinganiso ye-USB 3.0 futhi yayikhipha esidlangalaleni. Igama elisemthethweni elinikeziwe laliyi-“SuperSpeed”. I-USB Promoter Group inesibopho esikhulu sokuthuthukiswa nokwakhiwa kwezindinganiso zochungechunge lwe-USB, futhi lezi zindinganiso zizodluliselwa ku-USB-IF ukuze ziphathwe.

Izinga lokudluliswa okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-USB 3.0 lifinyelela ku-5.0 Gbps, okungu-640MB/s. Umthamo wamanje wokukhipha omkhulu kakhulu ngu-5V/900mA. Ihambisana ngokugcwele ne-2.0 futhi isekela ukudluliswa kwedatha okuphelele (okungukuthi, ingamukela futhi ithumele idatha ngesikhathi esisodwa, kuyilapho i-USB 2.0 i-half-duplex), kanye nokuba namakhono okuphatha amandla angcono nezinye izici.

I-USB 3.0 isebenzisa umklamo wamaphini angu-9. Amaphini okuqala angu-4 afana nalawo e-USB 2.0, kanti amaphini asele angu-5 aklanyelwe i-USB 3.0 ngokukhethekile. Ngakho-ke, unganquma ukuthi ngabe yi-USB 2.0 noma i-USB 3.0 ngamaphini.

NgoJulayi 2013, kwakhishwa i-USB 3.1, ngesivinini sokudlulisa esingu-10 Gbps (1280 MB/s), ethi iyi-SuperSpeed+, kanti i-voltage ephezulu evumelekile yokunikezwa kwamandla yaphakanyiswa yaba ngu-20V/5A, okungu-100W.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-USB 3.1 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-USB 3.0 nakho kwakusobala kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngemva nje kwalokho, i-USB-IF yaqamba kabusha i-USB 3.0 yaba yi-USB 3.1 Gen1, kanye ne-USB 3.1 yaba yi-USB 3.1 Gen2.

Lokhu kushintsha igama kubangele inkinga kubathengi ngoba abathengisi abaningi abangathembekile bamake kuphela imikhiqizo njengesekela i-USB 3.1 ephaketheni ngaphandle kokubonisa ukuthi ngabe yi-Gen1 noma i-Gen2. Eqinisweni, ukusebenza kokudlulisela kwalaba ababili kuhlukile kakhulu, futhi abathengi bangase bawele ogibeni ngengozi. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kushintsha igama kwakuyisinyathelo esibi kubathengi abaningi.

NgoSepthemba 2017, i-USB 3.2 yakhululwa. Ngaphansi kwe-USB Type-C, isekela iziteshi ezimbili ze-10 Gbps zokudlulisa idatha, ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-20 Gb/s (2500 MB/s), kanti amandla okukhipha aphezulu asengu-20V/5A. Ezinye izici zinentuthuko encane.

▲Inqubo yokushintsha igama le-USB

Kodwa-ke, ngo-2019, i-USB-IF yaqhamuka nolunye ushintsho lwegama. Baqamba kabusha i-USB 3.1 Gen1 (okwakuyi-USB 3.0 yokuqala) njenge-USB 3.2 Gen1, i-USB 3.1 Gen2 (okwakuyi-USB 3.1 yokuqala) njenge-USB 3.2 Gen2, kanye ne-USB 3.2 njenge-USB 3.2 Gen 2×2.

Manje Nesikhathi Esizayo: Ukuqhubekela Phambili kwe-USB4

Manje njengoba sesifinyelele ku-USB4, ake sibheke ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwale nqubo entsha. Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kuyintuthuko yesizukulwane esihlanganisayo kusukela ku-“3″ kuya ku-“4″,” ukuthuthukiswa kumele kube kukhulu.

Ngokusekelwe kulo lonke ulwazi esiluqoqile, izici ezintsha ze-USB4 zifingqiwe kanje:

1. Isivinini esikhulu sokudlulisa esingu-40 Gbps:

Ngokudluliswa kweziteshi ezimbili, isivinini sokudlulisa esiphezulu se-USB4 kufanele sikwazi ukufinyelela ku-40 Gbps, okufana nese-Thunderbolt 3 (ebizwa ngokuthi “i-Thunderbolt 3″ ngezansi).

Eqinisweni, i-USB4 izoba nesivinini sokudlulisa ezintathu: 10 Gbps, 20 Gbps, kanye ne-40 Gbps. Ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukuthenga idivayisi enesivinini sokudlulisa esiphezulu kakhulu, okungukuthi, 40 Gbps, kungcono uhlole imininingwane ngaphambi kokuthenga.

2. Iyahambisana nezixhumi ze-Thunderbolt 3:

Amanye amadivayisi e-USB4 (hhayi wonke) angahambisana nezixhumi ze-Thunderbolt 3. Okusho ukuthi, uma idivayisi yakho inesixhumi se-USB4, kungenzeka futhi ukuxhuma idivayisi ye-Thunderbolt 3 ngaphandle. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuphoqelekile. Ukuthi iyahambisana noma cha kuncike esimweni sengqondo somkhiqizi wedivayisi.

3. Amandla okwabiwa kwezinsiza ze-bandwidth enamandla:

Uma usebenzisa imbobo ye-USB4 ngenkathi uyisebenzisa ukuxhuma isibonisi nokudlulisa idatha, imbobo izokwabela i-bandwidth ehambisanayo ngokwesimo. Isibonelo, uma ividiyo idinga kuphela u-20% we-bandwidth ukushayela isibonisi se-1080p, khona-ke u-80% osele we-bandwidth ungasetshenziswa kweminye imisebenzi. Lokhu kwakungenakwenzeka ku-USB 3.2 kanye nezikhathi zangaphambilini. Ngaphambi kwalokho, imodi yokusebenza ye-USB kwakuwukushintshana.

4. Amadivayisi e-USB4 azosekela i-USB PD

I-USB PD iyi-USB Power Delivery (ukudluliselwa kwamandla e-USB), okungenye yezindlela zokushaja okusheshayo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje. Yakhiwe futhi yinhlangano ye-USB-IF. Le ncazelo ingafinyelela ama-voltage nama-current aphezulu, lapho ukudluliselwa kwamandla okuphezulu kufinyelela ku-100W, futhi isiqondiso sokudluliselwa kwamandla singashintshwa ngokukhululekile.

Ngokwemithethonqubo ye-USB-IF, uhlobo olujwayelekile lwesixhumi sokushaja se-USB PD samanje kufanele kube yi-USB Type-C. Esixhumini sokuxhumanisa se-USB Type-C, kunezikhonkwane ezimbili, i-CC1 kanye ne-CC2, ezisetshenziselwa iziteshi zokucushwa kokuxhumana kwe-PD.

5. Kungasetshenziswa isikhombikubona se-USB Type-C kuphela

Ngalesi sici esingenhla, kungokwemvelo ukuthi singazi nokuthi i-USB4 ingasebenza kuphela ngezixhumi ze-USB Type-C. Eqinisweni, hhayi i-USB PD kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izindinganiso zakamuva ze-USB-IF, isebenza kuphela ku-Type-C.

6. Ingahambisana nezinqubo zesikhathi esidlule

I-USB4 ingasetshenziswa kanye namadivayisi nama-port e-USB 3 kanye ne-USB 2. Okusho ukuthi, ingahambisana nezindinganiso zephrothokholi zangaphambilini. Kodwa-ke, i-USB 1.0 kanye ne-1.1 azisekelwa. Njengamanje, izixhumi ezisebenzisa le phrothokholi sezicishe zanyamalala emakethe.

Vele, uma uxhuma idivayisi ye-USB4 echwebeni le-USB 3.2, ayikwazi ukudlulisa ngesivinini esingu-40 Gbps. Futhi isixhumi esibonakalayo se-USB 2 esidala ngeke sisheshe ngoba nje sixhunywe esixhumini esibonakalayo se-USB4.