I-Universal Serial Bus (i-USB) cishe ingenye yezindawo zokuxhuma ezisebenziseka kalula emhlabeni. Ekuqaleni yaqalwa yi-Intel ne-Microsoft futhi inezici zokuxhuma ezishisayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Kusukela kwethulwa i-USB interface ngo-1994, ngemuva kweminyaka engama-26 yokuthuthukiswa, nge-USB 1.0/1.1, i-USB2.0, i-USB 3.x, ekugcineni yathuthukiswa yaba yi-USB4 yamanje; Izinga lokudlulisa liphinde landa kusukela ku-1.5Mbps laya ku-40Gbps yakamuva. Njengamanje, akuwona kuphela amafoni ahlakaniphile asanda kwethulwa asekela i-Type-C interface, kodwa futhi namakhompyutha e-notebook, amakhamera edijithali, izikhulumi ezihlakaniphile, izinsiza zamandla eselula kanye namanye amadivayisi aseqalile ukusebenzisa i-TYPE-C specification USB interface, eyethulwa ngempumelelo emkhakheni wezimoto. Esikhundleni se-USB-A, i-Model 3 entsha ye-Tesla inamachweba e-usB-C, kanti i-Apple iguqule ngokuphelele ama-macBooks ayo kanye nama-AirPods Pro kumachweba e-USB Type-C ahlanzekile okudlulisa idatha nokushaja. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwezidingo ze-eu, i-apple izosebenzisa futhi isikhombimsebenzisi se-USB type-c ku-iPhone15 yesikhathi esizayo, futhi akungabazeki ukuthi i-USB4 izoba isikhombimsebenzisi esiyinhloko somkhiqizo emakethe yesikhathi esizayo.
Izidingo zezintambo ze-USB4
Ushintsho olukhulu kakhulu ku-USB4 entsha ukwethulwa kwencazelo yephrothokholi yeThunderbolt eyabelwana ngayo ne-Intel ne-usb-if. Isebenza phezu kwezixhumanisi ezimbili, i-bandwidth iphindwe kabili ibe yi-40Gbps, kanti i-Tunnelling isekela idatha eminingi kanye nephrothokholi yokubonisa. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-PCI Express ne-DisplayPort. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-USB4 igcina ukuhambisana okuhle nokwethulwa kwephrothokholi entsha eyisisekelo, ihambisana ne-USB3.2/3.1/3.0/2.0, kanye ne-Thunderbolt 3. Ngenxa yalokho, i-USB4 isibe yindinganiso ye-USB eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kuze kube manje, idinga abaklami ukuthi baqonde imininingwane ye-USB4, USB3.2, USB2.0, USB Type-C kanye ne-USB Power Delivery. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaklami kumele baqonde imininingwane ye-PCI Express kanye ne-DisplayPort, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuvikela okuqukethwe kwe-HIGH-DEFINITION (HDCP) obuhambisana nemodi ye-USB4 DisplayPort, futhi izintambo nezixhumi esizijwayele zinezidingo eziphakeme zokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza kukagesi zemikhiqizo eqediwe yekhebula le-USB4.
Inguqulo ye-coaxial ye-USB4 yavela ngokuzumayo
Esikhathini se-USB3.1 10G, abakhiqizi abaningi basebenzise isakhiwo se-coaxial ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zokusebenza kwemvamisa ephezulu. Inguqulo ye-Coaxial ayizange isetshenziswe ochungechungeni lwe-USB ngaphambili, izimo zokusetshenziswa kwayo ikakhulukazi ziyi-Notebook, ifoni ephathekayo, i-GPS, ithuluzi lokulinganisa, ubuchwepheshe be-Bluetooth, njll. Ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwencazelo yekhebula umugqa we-coaxial wezokwelapha, umugqa we-teflon coaxial electronic, ucingo lwe-coaxial frequency radio, njll., ngezidingo zokulawula izindleko eziningi emakethe, esikhathini se-USB3.1 sokunamathela ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokusebenza komkhiqizo ngokushesha kuthatha imakethe, kodwa ngemakethe ye-USB4 yezidingo zokudlulisa imvamisa ephezulu eziqinile kakhulu, futhi intambo yezidingo zokudlulisa isivinini esiphezulu inekhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuphazamiseka kanye nokuqina kokusebenza kukagesi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kokudluliselwa kwemvamisa ephezulu, i-USB4 yamanje eyinhloko iseyinguqulo eyinhloko ye-coaxial, inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-coaxial kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza iyinkimbinkimbi, ukuxazulula ukusetshenziswa kwemvamisa ephezulu kanye nesivinini esiphezulu kudinga imishini yokukhiqiza efanele kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza evuthiwe futhi ezinzile. Ekukhiqizweni komkhiqizo, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, amapharamitha enqubo kanye nokulawulwa kwenqubo, amapharamitha kagesi okuhlolwa kwelebhu okukhethekile adlala indima ebalulekile, kuyo yonke imingcele yokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo se-coaxial, ngaphezu kokuthi (izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo, izindleko zokucubungula ezibizayo) ezinye zinhle, kodwa intuthuko yemakethe ihlala ijikeleza endleleni yokufeza intengo enkulu kakhulu ye-batch, inguqulo ye-Pair of twist ibilokhu isesikhaleni socwaningo lokuthuthukiswa kwe-coaxial kanye nentuthuko kanye nokuthuthuka.
Kungabonakala kusukela esakhiweni somugqa we-coaxial, kusukela ngaphakathi kuya ngaphandle, ngokulandelana: umqhubi ophakathi, ungqimba oluvikelayo, ungqimba oluqhubayo lwangaphandle (i-mesh yensimbi), isikhumba sentambo. Intambo ye-coaxial iyinhlanganisela eyakhiwe ngabaqhubi ababili. Intambo ephakathi yentambo ye-coaxial isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa izimpawu. Inethi yokuvikela insimbi idlala izindima ezimbili: enye iwukunikeza iluphu yamanje yesignali njengendawo evamile, kanti enye iwukucindezela ukuphazamiseka komsindo we-electromagnetic esignalini njengenethi yokuvikela. Intambo ephakathi kanye nenethiwekhi yokuvikela phakathi kwengqimba yokuvikela i-polypropylene enamafutha amancane, ungqimba lokuvikela lunquma izici zokudlulisela zekhebula, futhi luvikele ngempumelelo intambo ephakathi, ebizayo inesizathu esibizayo.
Inguqulo ye-USB4 twisted pair iyeza?
Njengoba amasekethe kagesi esebenza kumaza aphezulu, izici zikagesi zezingxenye zikagesi ziba nzima ukuziqonda. Lapho usayizi wengxenye noma usayizi wesekethe lonke uma kuqhathaniswa nobude besikhathi sokusebenza bungaphezu kweyodwa, inani le-inductance capacitance yesekethe, noma izingxenye umphumela we-parasitic wezakhiwo zezinto nokunye, ngisho nalapho sisebenzisa isakhiwo se-wire pair, ukuhlolwa kwamapharamitha emvamisa okuyisisekelo akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende, futhi kuguquguquka kunenguqulo ye-coaxial yesakhiwo nobubanzi bayo kukude kakhulu, Kungani ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa i-USB pair ngamaqoqo? Ngokuvamile, lapho imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwekhebula iphakeme, ubude besikhathi besignali bufushane, futhi lapho i-skew pitch incane, kuba ngcono umphumela webhalansi. Kodwa-ke, i-splicing pitch encane kakhulu izoletha ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphansi kanye nokuqhekeka kwentambo eyinhloko evikelwe. I-pitch ye-line pair incane kakhulu, inani le-torsion liningi, futhi ukucindezeleka kwe-torsion esigabeni kugxile kakhulu, okuholela ekuguqulweni okukhulu kanye nomonakalo wesendlalelo sokufaka, futhi ekugcineni kubangele ukuphambuka kwensimu ye-electromagnetic, okuthinta ezinye izinkomba zikagesi njengenani le-SRL kanye nokuncipha. Uma kukhona ukungafani kokufakwa kokushisa, ibanga phakathi kwabaqhubi liyashintsha njalo ngenxa yokuguquka nokujikeleza komugqa owodwa wokufaka ukufudumala, okuletha ukuguquguquka kwe-impedance ngezikhathi ezithile. Isikhathi sokuguquguquka side kakhulu. Ekudlulisweni kwemvamisa ephezulu, lolu shintsho oluhamba kancane lungatholakala ngamagagasi kagesi futhi luthinte inani lokulahlekelwa ukubuya. Inguqulo ye-USB4 pair ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngamaqoqo.
Hhayi phansi, kodwa angifuni ukusebenzisa i-coaxial yakho yokufa, ngakho abantu baqala ukuqinisekisa umehluko wezindlela zokuvikela ze-USB4 zokwenza umkhiqizo, ukuze basonte inkinga enkulu kakhulu umqhubi osontekile kalula, futhi umehluko ngephakethe elifanayo ngqo lomsebenzi wesikole, gwema ukuklwebheka komqhubi, njengoba sonke sazi, okwamanje KUSEBENZISA umehluko we-SAS, i-SFP + njll. zisetshenziswa emgqeni wesivinini esikhulu, Kwanele ukukhombisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwayo kumele kube phezulu kunenguqulo elahlekile, indima ebalulekile yomugqa wedatha ovame kakhulu ukudlulisa amasignali edatha, kodwa uma siyisebenzisa kungavela zonke izinhlobo zolwazi lokuphazamiseka okungcolile. Ake sicabange ngokuthi uma lezi zimpawu zokuphazamiseka zingena kumqhubi wangaphakathi womugqa wedatha futhi zibeke uphawu kusignali yokuqala edluliselwe, kungenzeka yini ukuphazamisa noma ukushintsha isignali yokuqala edluliselwe, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukulahlekelwa noma izinkinga zesignali ewusizo? Futhi umehluko wesendlalelo se-aluminium foil ukudlulisela ulwazi kithi ukuze sidlale indima yokuvikela nokuvikela, esetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwezibonakaliso zangaphandle ezizimele zokudlulisa, impahla eyinhloko yebhande lephakheji kanye nokudonsa kwe-aluminium foil ukusebenzisa ukuvala nokuvikela i-aluminium foil, ukugqoka okuhlangothini olulodwa noma okuhlangothini olubili kwifilimu yepulasitiki, i-lu: i-su composite foil esetshenziswa njengesivikelo sekhebula. I-cable foil idinga uwoyela omncane ebusweni, akukho zimbobo kanye nezakhiwo eziphezulu zemishini. Inqubo yokusonga iwukuqoqa izintambo ezimbili ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisiwe kanye nezintambo zomhlabathi ndawonye ngomshini wokusonga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isendlalelo se-aluminium foil kanye nesendlalelo se-polyester tape esinamathelayo esinkweni sangaphandle kusetshenziselwa ukuvikela intambo kanye nokuqinisa isakhiwo sezintambo ezihlanganisiwe. Le nqubo inomphumela obalulekile empahleni yentambo, kufaka phakathi i-impedance, umehluko wokulibaziseka, ukuncishiswa, ngoba lokhu kumele kukhiqizwe ngokuqinile ngemfuneko yobuciko, kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwempahla kagesi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi intambo ehlanganisiwe yokusonga iyahambisana nemfuneko. Yiqiniso, akuwona wonke ama-data line anezendlalelo ezimbili zokuvikela. Amanye anezendlalelo eziningi, amanye anesendlalelo esisodwa kuphela, noma awekho nhlobo. Ukuvikela kuwukuhlukaniswa kwensimbi phakathi kwezifunda ezimbili zendawo ukulawula ukungeniswa kanye nemisebe yamagagasi kagesi, amagnetic kanye namagnetic kusuka esifundeni esisodwa kuya kwesinye. Ukuze kucaciswe, umongo womqhubi uzungezwe umzimba ovikelayo ukuze uvimbele ukuthi angathinteki yisignali yensimu/ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic yangaphandle, kanye nokuvimbela insimu/isignali ye-electromagnetic yokuphazamiseka ukuthi ingasabalali ngaphandle. Ukuhlolwa kwesignali ye-USB differential pair ephezulu kungaqhathaniswa ne-coaxial, differential pair ikhebula le-USB4 liyeza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-16-2022
