Isingeniso kuzincazelo ze-PCIe 5.0

• Isingeniso kuzincazelo ze-PCIe 5.0

Imininingwane ye-PCIe 4.0 yaqedwa ngo-2017, kodwa ayizange isekelwe ngamapulatifomu abathengi kwaze kwaba uchungechunge lwe-AMD lwe-7nm Rydragon 3000, futhi ngaphambilini imikhiqizo efana ne-supercomputing, isitoreji sesivinini esikhulu sebhizinisi, namadivayisi enethiwekhi kuphela asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-PCIe 4.0. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe be-PCIe 4.0 bungakasetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu, inhlangano ye-PCI-SIG ibilokhu ithuthukisa i-PCIe 5.0 esheshayo isikhathi eside, izinga lesiginali liphindwe kabili kusukela ku-16GT/s yamanje kuya ku-32GT/s, i-bandwidth ingafinyelela ku-128GB/s, kanti incazelo yenguqulo engu-0.9/1.0 isiqediwe. Inguqulo ye-v0.7 yombhalo ojwayelekile we-PCIe 6.0 ithunyelwe kumalungu, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwendinganiso kuyaqhubeka. Izinga le-pin le-PCIe 6.0 likhushuliwe laya ku-64 GT/s, okuphindwe kasishiyagalombili kune-PCIe 3.0, futhi i-bandwidth eziteshini ze-x16 ingaba nkulu kune-256GB/s. Ngamanye amazwi, isivinini samanje se-PCIe 3.0 x8 sidinga isiteshi esisodwa se-PCIe 6.0 kuphela ukuze sifinyelele. Ngokuphathelene ne-v0.7, i-PCIe 6.0 ifinyelele iningi lezici ezamenyezelwa ekuqaleni, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kusathuthuka kakhulu.d, futhi indinganiso isanda kwethula igiya lokucushwa kwamandla le-L0p. Vele, ngemuva kwesimemezelo ngo-2021, i-PCIe 6.0 ingatholakala kwezentengiso ngo-2023 noma ngo-2024 ngokushesha okukhulu. Isibonelo, i-PCIe 5.0 yavunywa ngo-2019, futhi kumanje kuphela lapho kunezimo zohlelo lokusebenza.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezincazelo ezijwayelekile zangaphambilini, izincazelo ze-PCIe 4.0 zeza sekwephuzile. Izincazelo ze-PCIe 3.0 zethulwa ngo-2010, eminyakeni engu-7 ngemuva kokwethulwa kwe-PCIe 4.0, ngakho-ke impilo yezincazelo ze-PCIe 4.0 ingase ibe mfushane. Ikakhulukazi, abanye abathengisi sebeqalile ukuklama amadivayisi e-PCIe 5.0 PHY angqimba lomzimba.

Inhlangano ye-PCI-SIG ilindele ukuthi lezi zindinganiso ezimbili zihlale isikhathi eside, kanti i-PCIe 5.0 isetshenziswa kakhulu kumadivayisi asebenza kahle kakhulu anezidingo eziphezulu zokusebenzisa amandla, njenge-Gpus ye-AI, amadivayisi enethiwekhi, njalo njalo, okusho ukuthi i-PCIe 5.0 ingase ivele ezindaweni zedatha, inethiwekhi, kanye ne-HPC. Amadivayisi anezidingo ezincane zokusebenzisa amandla, njengedeskithophu, angasebenzisa i-PCIe 4.0.

Ku-PCIe 5.0, izinga lesiginali likhushuliwe kusukela ku-PCIe 4.0's 16GT/s kuya ku-32GT/s, kusasetshenziswa ikhodi ye-128/130, kanti i-bandwidth ye-x16 ikhushuliwe kusukela ku-64GB/s kuya ku-128GB/s.

Ngaphezu kokuphinda kabili i-bandwidth, i-PCIe 5.0 iletha ezinye izinguquko, ishintsha ukwakheka kukagesi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuqotho besiginali, ukuhambisana emuva ne-PCIe, nokuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PCIe 5.0 yaklanywa ngezindinganiso ezintsha ezinciphisa ukubambezeleka kanye nokuncipha kwesiginali emabangeni amade.

Inhlangano ye-PCI-SIG ilindele ukuqedela inguqulo engu-1.0 yencazelo ku-Q1 kulo nyaka, kodwa ingathuthukisa amazinga, kodwa ayikwazi ukulawula ukuthi idivayisi yokugcina yethulwa nini emakethe, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi amadivayisi okuqala e-PCIe 5.0 azoqala ukusebenza kulo nyaka, futhi imikhiqizo eminingi izovela ngo-2020. Kodwa-ke, isidingo sesivinini esiphezulu senza umzimba ojwayelekile wachaza isizukulwane esilandelayo se-PCI Express. Umgomo we-PCIe 5.0 ukwandisa isivinini sendinganiso ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-PCIe 5.0 yakhelwe ukukhulisa isivinini esijwayelekile sibe yindinganiso ye-PCIe 4.0 ngaphandle kwezinye izici ezintsha ezibalulekile.

Isibonelo, i-PCIe 5.0 ayisekeli izimpawu ze-PAM 4 futhi ifaka kuphela izici ezintsha ezidingekayo ukuze kuvunyelwe indinganiso ye-PCIe ukusekela ama-32 GT/s ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.

Izinselele zehadiwe

Inselele enkulu ekulungiseleleni umkhiqizo wokusekela i-PCI Express 5.0 izohlotshaniswa nobude besiteshi. Uma izinga lesignali lishesha, kulapho imvamisa yokuthwala yesignali edluliselwa ngebhodi le-PC iphakama khona. Izinhlobo ezimbili zomonakalo ongokwenyama zikhawulela izinga onjiniyela abangasakaza ngalo amasignali e-PCIe:

· 1. Ukuncipha kwesiteshi

· 2. Ukuzindla okwenzeka esiteshini ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-impedance kumaphini, izixhumi, izimbobo zokudlula kanye nezinye izakhiwo.

Incazelo ye-PCIe 5.0 isebenzisa iziteshi ezine-attenuation ye--36dB ku-16 GHz. Imvamisa engu-16 GHz imelela imvamisa ye-Nyquist yezibonakaliso zedijithali ezingu-32 GT/s. Isibonelo, lapho isignali ye-PCIe5.0 iqala, ingaba ne-voltage ejwayelekile ye-peak-to-peak engu-800 mV. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokudlula esiteshini esinconyiwe se--36dB, noma yikuphi ukufana neso elivulekile kuyalahleka. Kuphela ngokusebenzisa i-equalization esekelwe ku-transmitter (de-accentuating) kanye ne-equalization ye-receiver (inhlanganisela ye-CTLE ne-DFE) lapho isignali ye-PCIe5.0 ingadlula esiteshini sesistimu futhi ihunyushwe ngokunembile yi-receiver. Ukuphakama okuncane kwamehlo okulindelekile kwesignali ye-PCIe 5.0 kungu-10mV (ngemuva kokulinganisa). Ngisho nange-transmitter ephansi ecishe ibe ephelele, ukuncipha okukhulu kwesiteshi kunciphisa ubukhulu besignali kuze kube yilapho noma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lomonakalo wesignali olubangelwa ukubonakaliswa kanye nokukhuluma okuphambene lungavalwa ukuze kubuyiselwe iso.