Isingeniso sokucaciswa kwe-PCIe 5.0

• Isingeniso sokucaciswa kwe-PCIe 5.0

Ukucaciswa kwe-PCIe 4.0 kwaqedwa ngo-2017, kodwa akuzange kusekelwe izinkundla zabathengi kwaze kwaba uchungechunge lwe-AMD lwe-7nm Rydragon 3000, futhi phambilini kwakuyimikhiqizo efana ne-supercomputing, isitoreji esinesivinini esiphezulu sebhizinisi, kanye namadivayisi enethiwekhi asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-PCIe 4.0.Nakuba ubuchwepheshe be-PCIe 4.0 bungakasetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu, inhlangano ye-PCI-SIG sekuyisikhathi eside ithuthukisa i-PCIe 5.0 esheshayo, izinga lesiginali liphindwe kabili ukusuka ku-16GT/s kuya ku-32GT/s, umkhawulokudonsa ungafinyelela ku-128GB/ s, futhi incazelo yenguqulo 0.9/1.0 isiqediwe.Inguqulo ye-v0.7 yombhalo ojwayelekile we-PCIe 6.0 ithunyelwe kumalungu, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwezinga kusendleleni.Izinga lephinikhodi le-PCIe 6.0 lenyusiwe laya ku-64 GT/s, okuyizikhathi eziyi-8 kune-PCIe 3.0, futhi umkhawulokudonsa eziteshini ze-x16 ungaba mkhulu kuno-256GB/s.Ngamanye amazwi, isivinini samanje se-PCIe 3.0 x8 sidinga isiteshi se-PCIe 6.0 esisodwa kuphela ukuze sizuze.Ngokuqondene ne-v0.7, i-PCIe 6.0 izuze izici eziningi ezamenyezelwa ekuqaleni, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kusathuthuka nakakhulu.d, futhi izinga lisanda kwethula igiya lokumisa amandla e-L0p.Vele, ngemuva kwesimemezelo ngo-2021, i-PCIe 6.0 ingatholakala ngokuhweba ngo-2023 noma ngo-2024 ekuqaleni.Isibonelo, i-PCIe 5.0 yavunywa ngo-2019, futhi yimanje lapho sekunamacala okufaka izicelo.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nokucaciswa okujwayelekile kwangaphambilini, ukucaciswa kwe-PCIe 4.0 kufike sekwephuze kakhulu.Ukucaciswa kwe-PCIe 3.0 kwethulwa ku-2010, iminyaka engu-7 ngemuva kokwethulwa kwe-PCIe 4.0, ngakho-ke impilo ye-PCIe 4.0 imininingwane ingase ibe mfushane.Ikakhulukazi, abanye abathengisi sebeqalile ukuklama i-PCIe 5.0 PHY amadivaysi ongqimba angokwenyama.

Inhlangano ye-PCI-SIG ilindele ukuthi lezi zindinganiso ezimbili zihlalisane isikhathi esithile, kanti i-PCIe 5.0 isetshenziswa kakhulu kumadivayisi asebenza kahle kakhulu anezidingo zokuphuma okuphezulu, njenge-Gpus ye-AI, amadivaysi enethiwekhi, nokunye, okusho ukuthi i-PCIe 5.0 maningi amathuba okuthi avele kusikhungo sedatha, inethiwekhi, nezindawo ze-HPC.Amadivayisi anezidingo zomkhawulokudonsa omncane, njengamadeskithophu, angasebenzisa i-PCIe 4.0.

Ku-PCIe 5.0, izinga lesignali linyusiwe lisuka ku-PCIe 4.0′s 16GT/s laya ku-32GT/s, lisasebenzisa umbhalo wekhodi ongu-128/130, futhi umkhawulokudonsa we-x16 unyusiwe ukusuka ku-64GB/s ukuya ku-128GB/s.

Ngaphezu kokuphinda kabili umkhawulokudonsa, i-PCIe 5.0 iletha ezinye izinguquko, ishintsha idizayini kagesi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuqotho besignali, ukuhambisana ne-PCIe emuva, nokunye.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PCIe 5.0 yakhelwe ngamazinga amasha anciphisa ukubambezeleka kanye nokuncipha kwesignali kumabanga amade.

Inhlangano ye-PCI-SIG ilindele ukuqedela inguqulo ye-1.0 yencazelo ku-Q1 kulo nyaka, kodwa ingathuthukisa izindinganiso, kodwa ayikwazi ukulawula lapho idivayisi yokugcina yethulwa emakethe, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi i-PCIe 5.0 yokuqala. amadivayisi azoqala ukusebenza kulo nyaka, futhi imikhiqizo eminingi izovela ngo-2020. Nokho, isidingo sesivinini esiphezulu sigqugquzele umzimba ojwayelekile ukuthi uchaze isizukulwane esilandelayo se-PCI Express.Umgomo we-PCIe 5.0 uwukukhuphula isivinini sezinga ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, i-PCIe 5.0 iklanyelwe ukumane ikhulise isivinini ku-PCIe 4.0 ejwayelekile ngaphandle kwezinye izici ezintsha ezibalulekile.

Isibonelo, i-PCIe 5.0 ayiwasekeli amasiginali we-PAM 4 futhi ihlanganisa kuphela izici ezintsha ezidingekayo ukuze kunikwe amandla izinga le-PCIe ukuze lisekele i-32 GT/s ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.

Izinselele zezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha

Inselele enkulu ekulungiseleleni umkhiqizo ozosekela i-PCI Express 5.0 izohlotshaniswa nobude besiteshi.Lapho izinga lesiginali lishesha, kulapho imvamisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi iyanda yesiginali esakazwa ngebhodi le-PC.Izinhlobo ezimbili zokulimala ngokomzimba zikhawulela izinga onjiniyela abangasabalalisa ngalo amasiginali we-PCIe:

· 1. Ukuncipha kwesiteshi

· 2. Ukuboniswa okwenzeka esiteshini ngenxa yokungaqhubeki kokuphazamiseka kumaphini, izixhumi, izimbobo nezinye izakhiwo.

Ukucaciswa kwe-PCIe 5.0 kusebenzisa iziteshi ezine--36dB attenuation ku-16 GHz.Ifrikhwensi engu-16 GHz imele imvamisa ye-Nyquist yamasiginali wedijithali angu-32 GT/s.Isibonelo, lapho isignali ye-PCIe5.0 iqala, ingase ibe nomthamo wevoltheji ojwayelekile osuka phezulu ukuya phezulu ongu-800 mV.Nokho, ngemva kokudlula esiteshini esinconyiwe -36dB, noma yikuphi ukufana neso elivulekile kuyalahleka.Ngokusebenzisa kuphela ukulinganisa okususelwe kumthumeli (i-de-accentuating) nokulinganisa komamukeli (inhlanganisela ye-CTLE ne-DFE) lapho isignali ye-PCIe5.0 ingadlula esiteshini sohlelo futhi ihunyushwe ngokunembile umamukeli.Ubude obuncane obulindelekile beso besignali ye-PCIe 5.0 ngu-10mV(post-equalization).Ngisho noma isidlulisi esiseduze nesiphelele se-low-jitter, ukuncishiswa okubalulekile kwesiteshi kunciphisa ubude besignali kuze kufike lapho noma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lomonakalo wesignali obangelwa ukuboniswa kanye ne-crosstalk lungavalwa ukuze kubuyiselwe iso.